As far back as ancient Greece, jumping competitions (initially in the long jump) were included in the Olympic Games program as a type of pentathlon. But high jumps appeared only at the beginning of the XIX century. For the first time, jumping competitions were held in the middle of the last century in England.
In general, jumps are divided into two groups:
The first group includes:
High jump. This is an acyclic type that requires athletes to demonstrate jumping, speed and strength, flexibility and agility. They are held among women and men in the arena and stadium.
Stepping or scissors
This is the simplest and most affordable way to jump in the air. The jumper lands on two feet in a pit of sand. It appeared in the middle of the XIX century, and every schoolchild knows about it from physical education classes. The world record is 2.09 meters.
Tumbling.
It resembles jumping on a horse. It is unknown when it appeared. The first world record was set by the American Leo Steers – 2.11 meters. But the last world record was set by Vladimir Yashchenko, who ducked at a distance of 2.35 meters.
Fosbury flop
This is a jump over the bar while performing a bend-bridge. The athlete falls after the jump on his back, straightening his legs.
Pole vault with a run-up. This is an acyclic type that requires the jumper to demonstrate jumping, speed and strength, flexibility and agility. Such jumps are the most difficult technical type of athletics. They are performed by women and men in the arena and stadium.
The second group includes types of long jumps:
Support jumps
To perform such jumps, it is necessary to create tension in the muscles that protect the body in flight and contribute to the development of balance and flexibility. A goat or a horse can be used as a support. They can be found in school gyms, higher education institutions and gymnasiums. Jumping over the goat can be done sideways, straight, and the technique involves jumping over or jumping in.
Long jump with a running start
They are a mixed type that requires the jumper to demonstrate speed and power, agility and flexibility. They are held among women and men in the arena and at the stadium.
Triple jump with a running start
This is an acyclic type of jump that requires the jumper to demonstrate speed and power qualities, agility and flexibility. It is held among women and men in the arena and at the stadium.